arXiv paper explains PyTorch's AD for PINN training, requiring two levels of differentiation
Read the original at arxiv.org→arXiv:2607.13042v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper traces, with explicit numerical values, how PyTorch's automatic differentiation (AD) engine computes gradients for Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN)...
Original headline: "Automatic Differentiation from Scratch: How PyTorch Computes Gradients in Physics-Informed Neural Networks"